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Salem witchcraft trial (1878)
The Salem witchcraft trial of 1878,〔Fraser, p. 69; Tucker, p. 159.〕 also known as the Ipswich witchcraft trial〔Springer, p. 237; Wilbur, p. 243.〕 and the second Salem witch trial,〔Gallagher and Ashcraft, p. 93.〕 was an American civil case held in May 1878 in Salem, Massachusetts, in which Lucretia L. S. Brown, an adherent of the Christian Science religion, accused fellow Christian Scientist Daniel H. Spofford of attempting to harm her through his "mesmeric" mental powers. By 1918, it was considered the last witchcraft trial held in the United States.〔Jastrow, p. 200.〕 The case garnered significant attention for its startling claims and because it took place in Salem, the scene of the 1692 Salem witch trials. The judge dismissed the case.〔Fraser, pp. 69–71.〕
==Background==
Daniel Spofford was one of the earliest adherents of Mary Baker Eddy (then known as Mary Baker Glover). Spofford was born in New Hampshire and grew up as a menial laborer and watchmaker's apprentice in eastern Massachusetts.〔Wilbur, p. 223.〕 At 19, he enlisted in the United States Army and served in the American Civil War.〔 After the war, he worked in a shoemaker's shop in Lynn, Massachusetts, and around 1867 obtained copies of some of Glover's early writings on Christian Science.〔〔Springer, p. 191.〕 Spofford left Lynn to travel out west, but returned to Lynn in 1870 and met Glover.〔〔Wilbur, p. 224.〕 Spofford took one of Glover's classes in metaphysical healing in the early spring of 1875, and graduated in April.〔〔Springer, p. 192.〕
Immediately thereafter, Spofford organized a group of Christian Science students to provide financial support to Glover (so that she might continue to teach them the tenets of her religious beliefs) and to rent a meeting space for them.〔Wilbur, pp. 225–227.〕 He also set up several offices around the area to practice Christian Science healing, and began calling himself "Dr. Daniel Spofford."〔 When Glover had difficulty finding a publisher for her book, ''Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures'', Spofford acted as publisher, while fellow students George Barry and Elizabeth Newhall put up the money for the publication.〔Springer, p. 195.〕〔Braden, pp. 36, 67.〕 Spofford even distributed handbills alongside Glover to promote the book.〔 He also introduced Glover to her future husband, Asa Gilbert Eddy.〔Springer, p. 213.〕 Glover and Eddy soon married, and Spofford was called on to help arrange the ceremony.〔Tucker, p. 158.〕 The now-Mrs. Eddy continued to call on Spofford for assistance in handling the mental drain of her many students and the preparations for the second edition of her book.〔Springer, p. 217.〕
In the spring of 1877, while Eddy was vacationing, she and Spofford disagreed over the terms of the publication of the second edition of ''Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures''.〔Springer, pp. 229–231.〕〔Anker, p. 60.〕 On January 19, 1878, Spofford was expelled from the Association of Christian Scientists on grounds of "immorality".〔Springer, p. 231.〕〔Podmore, p. 270.〕 Eddy then sued Spofford for unpaid tuition, but lost the suit.〔Springer, p. 237.〕 Eddy and Spofford broke completely shortly thereafter. Modern commentators claim that Spofford felt shut out by Asa Eddy.〔〔Wills, p. 180.〕
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